In about half of couples who cannot conceive, a male factor may play a role, so the assessment should include both partners.
Common causes
- Problems with sperm count, motility or shape
- Varicocele (enlarged veins in the testicle)
- Hormonal imbalance
- Infections and some medications
- Genetic factors
- Lifestyle: smoking, alcohol, excess heat exposure, weight
Assessment
- History and physical examination
- Semen analysis: count, motility and shape are assessed; it is repeated if needed for reliability.
- Hormone tests, ultrasound and, if needed, genetic tests
Treatment approaches
- Treating the underlying cause (for example varicocele surgery or infection treatment)
- Medication and lifestyle adjustments
- If needed, assisted reproduction techniques (insemination, IVF with microinjection)
Seeking help early, without embarrassment, matters for the right guidance.
This article is general information; diagnosis and treatment decisions are always made after a physician's examination.
This article is general information, not a diagnosis or treatment recommendation. Consult a physician for a personal assessment.
